Diesel engines with diesel fuel is widely used on services to humanity, as in the sectors of agriculture, fisheries, public transport services, mining, power generation units and other stationary. Diesel oil is a fossil fuel non-renewable, scarce availability of diesel oil will become a reality at the time will come. It will be easy to understand the need CONSERVATION of diesel fuel.
Indonesia is the country producing oil and natural gas are quite abundant. Utilization of natural gas as a result of the oil drilling process is still not ideal, because most of the wasted gas through the combustion process to prevent air pollution.

In this final task is testing an alternative fuel for Diesel engines. Duel fuel (dual fuel) where the air and CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) in kompresikan in the cylinder, for the ignition / combustion of diesel fuel injeksikan.
The test is conducted to compare the performance parameters of engines Diesel that use diesel fuel and using dual fuel (diesel oil + CNG). Performance parameter which is used as comparison materials include: dyno torque, engine power, fuel mass flow, mass air flow, AFR, specific fuel consumption (BSFC), effective pressure average (BMEP), smoke and exhause analyzer.
Performance of diesel engine is very dependent on the fuel used, because different fuels will produce different characteristics. Achievement of efficiency and the resulting smoke dual fuel is better than diesel fuel 100%, in economic terms the use of dual fuel is cheaper.

Direct contact melting heat transfer of frozen product has been studied. Frozen meat is used as a working object in this experiment and metal plate is used as a melting apparatus. The experiment was carried out in room temperature where the frozen meat was brought into contact directly to upper plate surface while the lower side of the plate is in contact with the ambient air. In order to enhance melting process the upper surface of the plate is grooved to drain the water coming from melting ice. Contact surface area, the grooves width and the dept of grooves were varied in this experiment to the influence of those parameters and to obtain optimum geometric configuration, which give the faster melting time. Experimental research show that surface configuration of C123 (concentric grooved, 6 mm grooves depth, 5 mm grooves width and 10 mm surface contact) resulted improvement the rate of melting about 45 % or have correlation equal to 1,44 for 100-minute initial melting than flat plate one. The rate of melting would be more improve with addition of inclination of groove drain. The rate of frozen meat melting by grooved plate was faster than of flat plate on experiment of 100x100 mm2, weights 150 grams and required 15 minutes. At geometry A (unidirectional grooved) a correlation is obtained:


This equation explains correlation between the rates of melting to variation of, the dept of grooves (a), wide of groove (b) and wide of contact surface (c) variable compared to that of flat plate.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

INTRODUCTION
One type of machine that first movers are widely used heat engines, ie engines that use thermal energy to perform mechanical work. Energy itself can be obtained by the combustion process, the process of nuclear fission fuel, etc. processes. Judging from how to obtain this thermal energy heat engine is divided into two groups, namely internal combustion engine and external combustion engine.
External combustion engine combustion process occurs outside the machine; thermal energy from the combustion of gas transferred to the machine working fluid through several walls. For example steam engine, all that is required by the machine at first leaving the combustion gas of high temperature. Heat transfer through the walls, or boilers, energy is then entered into a working fluid composed mostly of water or steam. In this process the temperature of the steam and boiler walls must be much more than the temperature of the combustion gases to prevent material damage to the boiler. High self Daengan working fluid temperature, are severely restricted by the strength of materials used.
Internal combustion engines are generally known as the motor fuel. In this group there are piston motor fuel, gas turbine systems, and transmit gas propulsion. Combustion process took place within the motor fuel itself so that the combustion gases that occur at the same time serves as a working fluid.
Motor fuel use piston inside a cylinder which is moving piston translation (and back). In the cylinder that's happened between the fuel combustion with oxygen from the air. Combustion gases produced by the process that can move the piston connecting rod (drive shaft) is connected to the crankshaft rotational motion and vice versa on the opposite crankshaft and crankshaft rotational motion causing the piston translational motion.

HISTORY OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
Today piston motor fuel has a very important development in human life. Almost everyone has been enjoying the resulting benefits such as motor fuel in the transportation field, lighting, agriculture and others. The birth of new talent motors a century ago the first experience ranging from Malaysian citizens who obtain fire with fast conversion path. A sfluyer in bamboo tubes developed by European scholars, starting from the experience Wige generate energy to weapons of powder by burning firecrackers in the cylinder, in the late 17th century just in 2 centuries ago, then in 1960 a French Lenoin develop gas engine .
Two years kemudin Dean Derechas (1862), creating a cycle of karma as a motor fuel out of the motor less efficient.
Then followed by Otto and Langen German nationality in 1876, creating a motor 4 does not (step), and in 1876 Nugald Clak British nationals not to create a motor 2 (step).
In the year 1892 the German Rudolf Diesel has created the engine without initial flames or without a shock.